CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
New words enter the English and Indonesian language all the time - the exact number is uncertain but there are thousands appearing every year. The increasing of new words can through many ways, such as the ability to grow, borrowing, affixation, coinage onomatopoeia and reduplicative, acronyms, clipping, blending, etc. This paper will focus on affixation.
The use of prefixes and suffixes is one of the most common ways in which new words are created, so common in fact that a speaker will be unsure if a word exists or they have just created it. A key skill for learners developing their vocabulary is by knowing how prefixes and suffixes change meaning and form.
1.2 The Importance of Learning Topic
Exploring affixation of new words can be a useful way of equipping students to deal, not only with the way English and Indonesian evolve and the new words they are likely to encounter but can also help them to understand the way the words they already know have evolved and developed. An understanding of affixation area can be a key skill in helping them to become more independent in their language learning and develop a greater enjoyment and engagement with the language.


CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
2.1 Properties of Affixes
Affixation is the process by an affix is attached to a root or stem.
Properties of Affixes
a. Subordinate of part of word
b. Not necessarily present
c. Multiple affixes can occur in a word
d. Are dependent (bound) elements
e. Have more schematic (non-specific) content
f. Can either precede or follow their roots
g. Position for a given affix with respect to root is fixed
2.2 Process of Affixation
2.2.1 Prefix
A prefix is an affix which is placed before the stem of a word. The word "prefix" is itself made up of the stem fix , and the prefix pre- , both of which are derived from Latin root.(wikipedidia.org)
Schema: prefix-stem
Example English: misuse disuse abuse
Indonesian: menanam dimakan
English Selection Restriction
a. Prefix un- only can be attached to adjectives roots
b. Prefix re- only can be attached to verbs roots
Changes in lexical category
English prefixes typically don’t change in lexical category, but there are some do
Example English: Blaze(N/V) ablaze (adj)
Slave(N) enslave (V)
Indonesian: cat (N) mengecat (V)
putar (V) berputar(V) putaran (N)
Native and non native (neo-classical) prefixing in English
a. Native English prefixes
Can be analyzed easily
Example
un-just co-worker
b. Neo-classical prefixes
Formed by foreign word formation
Example
de- in deceive
2.2.2 Suffix
In grammar, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the grammatical conjugation of verbs. (wikipedidia.org)
Schema: stem-suffix
Example English: gives classes beautify clarify
Indonesia: makanan tulisan lukisan
2.2.3 Infix
An infix is an affix inserted inside a stem. It contrasts with ad fix (prefix and suffix), a rare term for an affix attached to the outside of a stem, such as a prefix or suffix. (wikipedidia.org)
Schema: st‹infix›em
Example English: Hip-hop slang: hizouse for house
shiznit for shit
Language games: Infix ‹ma› as in
sophistimacated, saxomaphone, and edumacation
Indonesian: gemuruh
2.2.4 Circumfix
A circumfix is an affix, a morpheme that is placed around another morpheme. Circumfixes contrast with Prefix es, attached to the beginnings of words; Affix, that are attached at the end; and infixes, inserted in the middle. (wikipedidia.org)
Schema : circumfix›stem‹circumfix
Example English: a-flying ascattered
Indonesian: kelaparan menyelesaikan
2.2.5 Interfix
Interfix is a term in linguistics and more specifically, morphology. It describes an affix which is placed in between two other morphemes and does not have a semantics meaning. (wikipedidia.org)
Schema: stema-interfix-stemb
Example English: Speedometer milometer
Indonesian: -
2.2.6 Simulfix
Simulfix is a change or replacement of vowels or consonants which changes the meaning of a word. (wikipedidia.org)
Example English: Eat>ate Foot>feet Mouse>mice
Indonesian: -
2.2.7 Suprafix
In linguistics, a suprafix is a type of affix where a suprasegmental change modifies an existing morpheme's meaning. In many languages, they are used to differentiate between otherwise identical lexemes, but in some they are used derivation_ally or inflectionally th a discontinuous affix. (wikipedidia.org)
Example English: conFLICT (V) CONflict (N)
PROduce (N) proDUCE (V)
Indonesian:-
2.2.8 Transfix
In linguistics morphology, transfix is a discontinuous affix, which occurs at more than one position in a word. The prototypical example comes from the Semitic languages, where nearly all word derivation and inflection involves the interdigitation of nonconcatenative morphology. (wikipedidia.org)
schema: s‹transfix›te‹transfix›m
Example English: -
Indonesian: -
Other (Semit): ktb> kataba kiteb
2.3 Problems in Defining English Affixation
2.3.1 Unique Morpheme
Unique morphemes are bound morphemes which occur in one compound or derivation and nowhere else. (wikipedidia.org)
Example: cranberry inert inane disgruntled umpteen affable
emsig garstig
2.3.2 Bound Roots
Bound roots are unusual because they can form words which do no contaian a free morpheme. Bound roots came into English via derived words, so they never had the chance to be used freely. (wikipedidia.org)
Example: receive permit subsume phonology geography telegraph telescope fishmonger slave monger war monger etc
2.3.3 Semi Affixes
Semi affixes are morpheme are between compound constituents and affixes that are related free form, but free forms differ from the semi-affixes in meaning or form.(wikipedidia.org)
Example
a. Waterproof, fireproof, and rainproof
b. Drug freak, Rolling Stones freak, video freak,
c. Dope head, Led Zeppelin head, morphology head, coffee head
d. Mock-heroics, mock-Gothic
e. Fireman, postman, spokesman
f. Brassware, copperware, kitchenware, tableware, hardware, gardenware



CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
3.1 Similarities between English and Indonesian Affixes
a. Affixation influences the increasing of new words in English and Indonesian.
b. Affixation is the most common way in developing new words in English and Indonesian.
c. There are several types of affixation occur in English and Indonesian such as, prefix, suffix, and circumfix.
d. Transfix doesn’t occur in both, English and Indonesian.
e. Affixation can be added to verbs, nouns, adjectives, and adverbs of English and Indonesian.
f. Some affixation changes the class of words and some don’t in both, English and Indonesian.
3.2 The Differences between English and Indonesian Affixation
a. English affixation more various than Indonesian since there are suprasegmentals aspects of English that influence English affixation, such as suprafix and simulfix.
b. Interfix only occurs in English affixation.
c. Infix doesn’t occur in formal English. Infix can be found in Indonesian.
d. English affixation more complicated and there some problems in defining English affixation.
3.3 The Advantages of Learning the Topic
a. By learning this topic, the students can analysis affixation in English and Indonesian easier.
b. This paper will help the students to improve their abilities in learning new words in English and Indonesian.










CHAPTER IV
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGESTIONS
4.1 Conclusions
Affixation is the most common way in developing new words in English and Indonesian. There some similarities between English and Indonesian affixation. And some differences occur between English and Indonesian because English more complicated in suprasegmentals aspect such as tenses and stress which don’t occur in Indonesian.
Exploring this area of new words can be a useful way of equipping the students to deal, not only with the way English and Indonesian evolve and the new words they are likely to encounter but can also help them to understand the way the words they already know have evolved and developed. An understanding of this area can be a key skill in helping them to become more independent in their language learning and develop a greater enjoyment and engagement with the language.
4.2 Suggestions
To help the students understand English and Indonesian affixation they should have knowledge and really understand about roots, stem, and morphemes of English and Indonesian. In addition, they should master in English phonology because some English affixation deal with English phonology, such as stress. Not to mention, they also understand grammar, because some affixation occur grammatically.